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TIME: Almanac 1993
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TIME Almanac 1993.iso
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1992-09-25
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April 27, 1981Requiem for a HeavyweightJoe Louis: 1914-1981
Joe Louis, World Heavyweight champion from 1937 to 1949, was
perhaps the greatest boxer in history. He defended his title
a record 25 times. Of 71 professional fights he lost only
three, recording 54 knockouts. Yet he once observed: "If you
dance, you gotta pay the piper. Believe me, I danced and I
paid, and I left him a big fat tip." His dance was a flatfooted
shuffle and a blur of powerful arms, and payment was eventual
poverty and emotional problems. In the ring, the Brown Bomber
was an impassive menace who reveled neither hatred nor
benevolence. But from the first time he fought until his death
last week of a heart attack at 66, he remained a victim of the
pungent, half-lit world of the fight game.
The son of an Alabama sharecropper, Louis quit school as a
teenager in Detroit to help support a hungry family. But after
capturing the A.A.U. title in 1934, he amazed the pros by
winning 34 fights, earning some $500,000 and taking the
championship from James J. Braddock--all in three years. He did
not waste words, either: "As soon as I catch 'em, I put 'em to
sleep." When critics doubted that he could take the lighter,
classier Billy Conn in 1941, Louis observed, "He can run, but he
can't hide."
Louis' most famous fight lasted a mere 2 min. 4 sec. In a
rematch with Max Schmeling, who had kayoed him in 1936. Louis
redefined fury. Schmeling had to recover in a hospital. Now 75
and a prosperous West German businessman, Schmeling last week
recalled his postwar friendship with Louis: "Joe was a highly
decent person, but he was exploited because he was so
good-natured."
Louis' fights earned $4.8 million, but the money went like
three-minute rounds; ex-wives, bad bets and old friends drained
it away. The IRS demanded $1.2 million in back taxes and
penalties from him, and he suffered the humiliation of
professional wrestling to help pay his debts. Following several
stays in hospitals for drug abuse and paranoia, he became an
"official greeter" at Caesars' Palace in Las Vegas.
Despite his personal setbacks, he remains the major black hero
of his time. A decade before Jackie Robinson broke baseball's
color barrier, radios in the inner city blared his fights on hot
summer nights, and street dances followed his victories. He
toured the world, met F.D.R., and New York Mayor James Walker
floridly proclaimed, "You laid a rose on Abraham Lincoln's
grave." Louis was uncomfortable in the role of symbol. "Jesus
Christ, am I all that?" he asked. He was, and could reflect in
1978. "I've been in a whole lot of fights inside the ring and
outside, I like to think I won most of them."
Louis scored a T.K.O. in one bout he never fought. He told
Muhammad Ali on television, "When I was champion, I went on what
they called the bum-of-the-month tour." "You mean I'm a bum?"
Ali asked. "You woulda been on the tour," Louis deadpanned.
Many experts who saw both men in their prime agree that the
Bomber would have whupped the Greatest. Even Ali, who remained
strangely silent about Louis' death, concurs. As he tearfully
told TIME last week, "Joe Louis was my inspiration. I idolized
him. He wrote the book on boxing--the way he stood, the way he
blocked shots was beautiful. I just give lip service to being
the greatest. He was the greatest." Louis was to be buried in
Arlington National Cemetery at the request of President Reagan,
the dancing done, the piper paid in full.